Seizures

What are Seizures?

Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain. They can cause changes in behaviour, movements, feelings, and levels of consciousness. Seizures can vary widely in intensity and duration, from brief lapses in awareness to severe convulsions.

Causes of Seizures

1. Epilepsy: The most common cause, where individuals have recurrent seizures due to chronic neurological disorders.
2. Head Trauma: Injury to the brain can lead to seizures.
3. Infections: Meningitis, encephalitis, or other brain infections.
4. Stroke: Interruptions in blood flow to the brain.
5. Brain Tumours: Abnormal growths can cause seizures.
6. Genetic Conditions: Inherited disorders affecting brain function.
7. Metabolic Imbalances: Issues like low blood sugar, low sodium, or kidney or liver failure.
8. Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal: Abrupt cessation of certain substances can trigger seizures.
9. High Fever: Particularly in young children, known as febrile seizures.
10. Neurological Disorders: Conditions like Alzheimer’s disease or multiple sclerosis.

First Aid Steps for Seizures

1. Stay Calm: Keep yourself composed to help the person effectively.
2. Ensure Safety: Clear the area around the person to prevent injury. Remove sharp objects and furniture.
3. Time the Seizure: Note the duration of the seizure. Seizures typically last from a few seconds to a few minutes.
4. Protect the Person’s Head: Place something soft under their head, like a jacket or cushion.
5. Do Not Restrain: Do not hold the person down or try to stop their movements.
6. Do Not Put Anything in the Mouth: This could cause choking or injury. The belief that someone might swallow their tongue during a seizure is a myth.
7. Check for Breathing: Once the seizure stops, ensure they are breathing. If not, perform CPR and call emergency services.
8. Turn Them on Their Side: This helps keep the airway clear and prevents choking on saliva or vomit.
9. Stay With Them: Remain with the person until they are fully conscious and aware. Reassure them and explain what happened in a calm manner.
10. Seek Medical Help: Call emergency services (999/112) if:
    • The seizure lasts more than 5 minutes.
    • The person has multiple seizures in a row.
    • The person has trouble breathing or is injured during the seizure.
    • It’s the person’s first seizure.
    • The person has another health condition like diabetes or heart disease.
    • Or if you are unsure what to do

Understanding seizures and knowing how to respond appropriately can make a significant difference in ensuring the safety and well-being of someone experiencing a seizure.